Change You Can Believe in!

Chemical  Changes:


Only occur when:

1. There is a change in atmoic formation through the bonding of atoms.
2. A new substance is created
3. The change is irreversable.
4. The change is automatic ( the reaction can be initiated or act on its own).

Examples:

Burning wood and its creation of smoke, the formation of rust or the act of combining sodium and vinegar.

Physical Changes:

Only occur when:

1. There is a change in state or phase.
2. No new substance is created.

Examples:

The melting of glaciers, condensation on a glass, or the cuttting of paper.



     STATES OF MATTER - ACCORDING TO THE KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY



      Solid:                                                          Liquid:                                              Gas:

                                                                                  

The molecules                                        The molecules are                                 The molecules are very
are held close                                          far enough apart                                   far apart and can move
together through                                     to slide past each                                  very fast and freely.
attractions from                                      and move more                                     It will conform to the
charge and can                                       freely.  It will                                        shape of its container
only vibrate.  It                                       conform to the                                      The molecules will
will not conform                                     shape of its                                            collide but there is no
to the shape of its                                   container.                                              loss of energy at all.
container.

Heating and Cooling of a Pure Substance

The Heating Stages:                                       The Cooling Stages:

A:-the substance is solid at this stage.                L:-substance has reached room temperature

-strong bonds, vibrates at a fixed position.             

-closely packed in an orderly fashion.

A-B:-heat energy is converted to kinetic energy. K-L:-solid

-vibrates a little faster, temperature rises.                -Temperature decreases

B-C:-heat released here, latent heat of fusion.     J-K:-liquid changing to solid

-temperature remains constant.                                -particles arranged into an ordered pattern

-melting point.

C:-Liquid only.                                                  J:-starts to freeze into a solid

C-D:-temperature continues to rise.                   I-J:-move closer to each other

-particles move faster                                               -vibrate slower, temperature decreases

D:-some molecules start to move freely             I:-Liquid

-starts changing from liquid to gas.

D-E:-Boiling point                                             H-I:-continuation of condensation

-heat used to break bonds                                         -stronger bonds form, gas to liquid

-temperature stays the same                                      -latent heat of evaporation, boiling point

E:-Gas                                                                H:-start to form inter molecular bonds

                                                                               -condensation begins, liquid starts to form

E-F:-particles move faster                                   G-H:-kinetic energy decreases

-temperature increases as heating continues.                 -particles are getting closer

                                                                                   -temperature decreases

Matter

Matter is everything around us. They are found in four forms:

This picture shows a Solid (the snowman), a Liquid (the glass of water), and a Gas (the cloud):

Plasma is an extremely heated Gas:

Matter can be divided into two categories: Mixtures and Pure Substances. First, let's take a look at Mixtures and what can be derived from them...

Mixtures:
- they have more than one set of properties
- they are physically combined
- they can be seperated into pure substances (which we will take a look at later)
From mixtures, we can further divide them into Homogeneous and Heterogeneous

Homogeneous:
-substance is uniform
-looks like it only has one component
From here, we can divide them one last time into Solutions and Colloids

Heterogeneous:
-substance is not uniform
-looks like it has more than one component
These can be further seperated into Suspensions and Mechanical Mixtures

Now, let's look at Pure Substances...

Pure Substances:
-only have one set of properties
-made up of one kind of particle
These can be broken down into Elements and Compounds

Elements:
-simplest form of matter
-cannot be broken down further
-atoms make them up
Elements can be found on the Periodic Table in three different groups: Metals, Non-Metals and Metalloids
These can be chemically combined to form Compounds

Compounds:
-made up of different elements
-their smallest particle is called a molecule
There are two kinds of Compounds: Ionic and Covalent

Ionic Compounds can be Acids, Salts, or Bases
Covalent Compounds are Organic

So, that is basically how Matter works. Take a look at this video to help some more with the basic understanding of Matter...

Blog #2; Unit conversions!

Unit Conversions

Unit conversions is the  conversion factors of different units of measurement that have the same quantity.


In class today we've learned how to convert from tera -> pico. (refer to the chart above)


Quantities


The basics of measurements of which we're doing now consists of the number and the unit combined which creates the quantity.


SI Units


SI units is a french system that uses powers of ten. This is the international system.


Derived Quantities


A derived quantity is when there is more than one SI unit base unit in one single quantity. 


eg; 
14km into m. 

14km  X  1km/1o^3m  =  14,000 m

Use the "magic one"
-simply put a "1" beside the largest quantity, and the conversion factor beside the smaller one
-make sure that your units cancel, and voila!

eg.
27km into mm.

27km  X  1km/10^3m  X  1m/10^3 = 27 X 10^-6 = 2.7 X 10^-5

-if you have to do multiple conversions, always go to the conversion equal to 10^0
eg. k, g, s, etc.

Classroom Safety

  We learned about lab safety, we started off with a scavenger hunt. Then we read a Spongebob story about lab safety. To end off the class we filled in some notes.

Scavenger Hunt


  We were each given a sheet with descriptions of each lab safety equipment. The equipment was spread throughout the classroom but most were easy to see. There were some notable equipment that we couldn't find. After a few minutes of discussing with classmates and walking around we all shared the answers together as a group. Here are a few examples of what we found around the classroom.

Fire Blanket:

 wrapped around a person or thing on fire.

 Fire Extinguisher:

Pull pin, aim, squeeze, and pass over fire.

SpongeBob Lab Safety Story

  After handing each of us a sheet with the story on it we had to read it on our own and find eighteen safety rules that were broken in the story. Some were pretty obvious, others not so much. Ms. Chen gave us about 10-15 minutes to find these rules that were broken by Spongebob and his friends. After awhile some of us compared answers before the time was up. We shared answers together as a group and corrected the sheet as we went along. Here are some broken safety rules that were easy to find. 

"Since the teacher did not tell them to wear the safety goggles, they left them on the table"

"...and then reached across the flame to get a test tube from Gary."

"he knocked over a bottle of the mystery substance and a little splashed on Gary."

Lab Safety Notes: WHMIS

  We finished off class with some good old notes, not just any notes fill in the blank notes. The notes were based around WHMIS:

Workplace

Hazardous

Materials

Information

System

  WHMIS is a information system which helps workers and students know more about safety and health hazards in the workplace or in school. You might see WHMIS around your house, workplace, or school in the form of a WHMIS label. There are Eight different symbols to represent eight general hazards. For example:

Flammable and combustible materials.

Poisonous and infectious materials.

And within the eight different categories they are put into a sub category depending on how dangerous the material is. There are 3 different shapes, octagon being the most dangerous, diamond being mildly dangerous, and triangle being the least dangerous.

We went through the rules and guidelines of classroom safety and what to do first when you or your classmate is injured. All in all it was a day full of safety and guidelines, it may be boring since every year they start off with the safety talk and what not but it's better than being burned or... well watch the video. link below.

-B,C,J,S