Functional Groups: Halides, Nitro, Alcohols, Aldehydes, Ketones

Halides(Nitro), Alcohols, Aldehydes, and Ketones

Functional groups contain elements other than Carbon and Hydrogen. (ex: oxygen, flourine, alcohol, etc.)

Halides(Nitro)

• These can be attached to Alkanes, Alkenes, and Alkynes.
• They are Halogens: Fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, etc.
• To name Halides count the positions of the halogens connected to the parent chain.
• Remember, alphabetical order!

an example of a halide would be:

2-Chloro-3-fluoro-pentane

TNT is a Nitro.

Alcohols

• With alcohols the parent chain's name ends with an 'ol' ex: Ethanol
• Again, count the position of the alcohol connected to the parent chain

Here's propanol

Aldehydes

• They are double bonded oxygen connected to the end of the parent chain.
• When naming, the parent chain's end with an 'al' ex: Methanal

A simple methanal.

Ketones

• Basically the same as Aldehydes EXCEPT, the double bonded oxygen is connected in the middle of the parent chain.
• As usual the ending of the parent chain will change this time to 'one' ex: butanone

Glorious Butanone